DeenunaDaily Islamic Glossary A–Z

اقْرَأْ

Islamic Glossary A–Z

Every word the family meets in the deen — from Adhan to Zamzam — explained in one simple line. New Muslims and old, kids and grandparents: all welcome.

A

Adhan أَذَان

The call to prayer, announced five times a day from the masjid.

A

Akhira آخِرَة

The Hereafter — the eternal life after this world.

A

Aqeedah عَقِيدَة

The creed: what a Muslim believes about Allah, the unseen and the afterlife.

A

Aqiqah عَقِيقَة

The sacrifice and naming celebration for a newborn, on the seventh day.

A

Ayah آيَة

A verse of the Qur'an — literally "a sign".

B

Barakah بَرَكَة

Blessing — Allah's increase hidden inside small things.

B

Bid'ah بِدْعَة

Innovation in the deen — adding to the religion what is not from it.

B

Bismillah بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰه

"In the name of Allah" — said before every good action.

D

Dajjal الدَّجَّال

The false messiah who appears before the Last Day — a trial of faith.

D

Dhikr ذِكْر

Remembrance of Allah — tasbih, tahmid, and every word that recalls Him.

D

Du'a دُعَاء

Supplication — asking Allah directly, any time, any language.

D

Dunya دُنْيَا

This worldly life — the farm whose harvest is reaped in the akhira.

E

Eid عِيد

Festival — the two annual celebrations: al-Fitr after Ramadan, al-Adha in Hajj.

F

Fajr فَجْر

The dawn prayer — two rak'ahs before sunrise.

F

Fard فَرْض

Obligatory — what Allah has commanded; leaving it is a sin.

F

Fatihah فَاتِحَة

The opening chapter of the Qur'an — recited in every rak'ah.

F

Fidyah فِدْيَة

Feeding a poor person for each missed fast, for those who cannot fast.

F

Fitra فِطْرَة

The pure natural state every human is born upon — inclined to Allah.

G

Ghibah غِيبَة

Backbiting — speaking of a brother's faults behind his back.

G

Ghusl غُسْل

The full purifying shower, required after major impurity and before Eid/Hajj.

H

Hadith حَدِيث

A saying, action or approval of the Prophet ﷺ, with its chain of narrators.

H

Hajj حَجّ

The pilgrimage to Makkah — the fifth pillar, once in a lifetime for the able.

H

Halal حَلَال

Permitted by Allah — lawful food, work and conduct.

H

Haram حَرَام

Forbidden by Allah — unlawful food, work and conduct.

H

Hifz حِفْظ

Memorising the Qur'an — a hafiz carries the whole Book.

H

Hijab حِجَاب

The modest covering — for women the dress and head covering; for all, modesty.

H

Hijrah هِجْرَة

The migration of the Prophet ﷺ to Madinah — year one of the Islamic calendar.

I

Iftar إِفْطَار

The meal that breaks the fast at sunset.

I

Ihsan إِحْسَان

Excellence — worshipping Allah as though you see Him.

I

Iman إِيمَان

Faith — belief in the heart, words on the tongue, deeds with the limbs.

I

Iqamah إِقَامَة

The second, shorter call that lines the congregation up for prayer.

I

Istighfar اسْتِغْفَار

Seeking Allah's forgiveness — "Astaghfirullah".

J

Jannah جَنَّة

Paradise — the eternal garden promised to the believers.

J

Jibril جِبْرِيل

The angel Gabriel, who carried the revelation to the prophets.

J

Jumu'ah جُمُعَة

Friday — the weekly gathering prayer and khutbah.

J

Juz جُزْء

One of the 30 equal parts of the Qur'an; the last is Juz Amma.

K

Ka'bah كَعْبَة

The cubic House in Makkah — the qiblah of the whole ummah.

K

Kalimah كَلِمَة

The testimony: La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasulullah.

K

Khatm خَتْم

Completing the recitation of the whole Qur'an.

K

Khutbah خُطْبَة

The sermon — delivered at Jumu'ah and the two Eids.

L

Laylat al-Qadr لَيْلَة الْقَدْر

The Night of Decree in the last ten of Ramadan — better than a thousand months.

M

Maghrib مَغْرِب

The sunset prayer — three rak'ahs after the sun sets.

M

Makruh مَكْرُوه

Disliked — better avoided, though not sinful.

M

Masjid مَسْجِد

Mosque — a place of prostration and prayer.

M

Mihrab مِحْرَاب

The niche in the masjid wall that shows the qiblah.

M

Muadhin مُؤَذِّن

The one who calls the adhan.

N

Nikah نِكَاح

The Islamic marriage contract — a sacred covenant.

N

Nisab نِصَاب

The minimum wealth that makes zakat obligatory.

N

Niyyah نِيَّة

Intention — the silent purpose of the heart behind every deed.

Q

Qadr قَدَر

Divine decree — Allah's knowledge and written plan of all things.

Q

Qiblah قِبْلَة

The direction of prayer — toward the Ka'bah in Makkah.

Q

Qiyam قِيَام

Standing in prayer; also the voluntary night prayer.

Q

Qur'an قُرْآن

The Recitation — Allah's final Book, revealed to Muhammad ﷺ, preserved word for word.

R

Raka'ah رَكْعَة

One unit of prayer: standing, bowing, and two prostrations.

R

Ramadan رَمَضَان

The ninth month — the month of fasting and the Qur'an.

R

Riba رِبَا

Interest/usury — money making money without real trade; strictly forbidden.

R

Ruku' رُكُوع

The bowing position in prayer.

S

Sabr صَبْر

Patience — steady trust through hardship, obedience and temptation.

S

Sadaqah صَدَقَة

Voluntary charity — even a smile counts.

S

Sahabi صَحَابِي

A companion who met the Prophet ﷺ, believed, and died a Muslim.

S

Salah صَلَاة

The ritual prayer — five daily appointments with Allah.

S

Sawm صَوْم

Fasting — abstaining from food, drink and sin from dawn to sunset.

S

Shahadah شَهَادَة

The testimony of faith — the door into Islam.

S

Shirk شِرْك

Associating partners with Allah — the one sin Allah does not forgive if carried to death.

S

Suhoor سُحُور

The pre-dawn meal before the fast — "in it there is barakah".

S

Sujood سُجُود

Prostration — forehead to the ground; the closest a servant is to Allah.

S

Sunnah سُنَّة

The way of the Prophet ﷺ — and the voluntary prayers around the fard.

S

Surah سُورَة

A chapter of the Qur'an — 114 in total.

T

Taqwa تَقْوَى

God-consciousness — guarding yourself from what displeases Allah.

T

Tasbih تَسْبِيح

Glorifying Allah — "SubhanAllah" — and the counting beads that aid it.

T

Tawakkul تَوَكُّل

Reliance on Allah — tie your camel first, then trust.

T

Tawheed تَوْحِيد

The oneness of Allah — the heart of the whole message.

T

Tayammum تَيَمُّم

Dry purification with clean earth when water is unavailable or harmful.

U

Ulema عُلَمَاء

The scholars — inheritors of the prophets.

U

Ummah أُمَّة

The worldwide community of Muslims — one family of faith.

U

Umrah عُمْرَة

The lesser pilgrimage to Makkah, performed at any time of year.

W

Witr وِتْر

The odd-numbered prayer that seals the night.

W

Wudu وُضُوء

The ablution — washing face, arms, head and feet before prayer.

Y

Yaqeen يَقِين

Certainty — faith so settled the unseen becomes near-visible.

Z

Zakat زَكَاة

The obligatory 2.5% of saved wealth — the right of the poor.

Z

Zamzam زَمْزَم

The blessed well beside the Ka'bah — opened for Isma'il and Hajar.

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